Borg Backup

# Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt install borgbackup

# Red Hat/Fedora
sudo dnf install borgbackup

# Arch Linux
sudo pacman -S borg

# pip (latest version)
pip install borgbackup

borg --version

borg init --encryption=repokey /path/to/repo

borg create --stats --progress \
  /path/to/repo::{hostname}-{now:%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M} \
  /home /etc /var/log \
  --exclude '*.cache' \
  --exclude '/home/*/.local/share/Trash'

# List all archives in a repository
borg list /path/to/repo

# List contents of a specific archive
borg list /path/to/repo::<archive-name>

mkdir -p /mnt/borg
borg mount /path/to/repo::<archive-name> /mnt/borg
# Browse files, then unmount:
borg umount /mnt/borg

borg init --encryption=repokey ssh://<user>@<host>:<port>/path/to/repo

borg create --stats --progress \
  ssh://<user>@<host>/path/to/repo::{hostname}-{now:%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M} \
  /home /etc

command="borg serve --restrict-to-repository /path/to/repo",restrict ssh-ed25519 AAAA... backup@client

Host borgbackup
    HostName <host>
    User <user>
    Port <port>
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_borg

borg create ssh://borgbackup/path/to/repo::<archive-name> /data

# Export the key (store this securely, off-site)
borg key export /path/to/repo /path/to/key-backup.txt

# Export as QR code for paper backup
borg key export --qr-html /path/to/repo /path/to/key-backup.html

borg key change-passphrase /path/to/repo

# Use zstd level 3 (good default)
borg create --compression zstd,3 /path/to/repo::archive /data

# Use auto mode: compress only if it actually saves space
borg create --compression auto,zstd,6 /path/to/repo::archive /data

# Prune according to retention policy
borg prune --list --stats /path/to/repo \
  --keep-daily=7 \
  --keep-weekly=4 \
  --keep-monthly=6 \
  --keep-yearly=2

# Reclaim space from deleted archives
borg compact /path/to/repo

borg prune --glob-archives '{hostname}-*' /path/to/repo --keep-daily=7

cd /path/to/restore-target
borg extract /path/to/repo::<archive-name>

borg extract /path/to/repo::<archive-name> home/user/Documents

borg extract --strip-components 2 /path/to/repo::<archive-name> home/user/Documents

# Quick check (metadata only)
borg check /path/to/repo

# Full verification including data integrity
borg check --verify-data /path/to/repo

borg extract --dry-run --list /path/to/repo::<archive-name>

# pip
pip install borgmatic

# Arch Linux
sudo pacman -S borgmatic

sudo borgmatic config generate

source_directories:
  - /home
  - /etc
  - /var/log

repositories:
  - path: ssh://<user>@<host>/path/to/repo
    label: remote

exclude_patterns:
  - '*.cache'
  - '*/.local/share/Trash'

compression: zstd,3

retention:
  keep_daily: 7
  keep_weekly: 4
  keep_monthly: 6
  keep_yearly: 2

consistency:
  checks:
    - repository
    - archives

hooks:
  before_backup:
    - echo "Starting backup at $(date)"
  after_backup:
    - echo "Backup completed at $(date)"
  on_error:
    - echo "Backup FAILED at $(date)" | mail -s "Backup failure" admin@example.com

# Create backup, prune, and check
borgmatic

# List archives
borgmatic list

# Validate configuration
borgmatic config validate

[Unit]
Description=Borgmatic backup
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target
ConditionACPower=true

[Service]
Type=oneshot
Nice=19
IOSchedulingClass=idle
ExecStartPre=sleep 1m
ExecStart=/usr/bin/borgmatic --verbosity -2 --syslog-verbosity 1

[Unit]
Description=Run borgmatic backup daily

[Timer]
OnCalendar=daily
Persistent=true
RandomizedDelaySec=3h

[Install]
WantedBy=timers.target

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable --now borgmatic.timer

# Verify timer is scheduled
systemctl list-timers borgmatic.timer

# Check last run status
systemctl status borgmatic.service
journalctl -u borgmatic.service -e